Krakės (Krok) | Kaunas

The Jewish Krakės Fire Brigade, circa 1930 ©Oscar Friedman/JewishGen Krakės synagogue in 1925 © “Facebook” page “Lietuva senose fotografijose” / Krakės today © Cristian Monterroso – Yahad - In Unum Homestead in Krakės © Cristian Monterroso – Yahad - In Unum Elena B., born in 1928, was at home when she saw carts with elderly Jews heading towards the execution site; they were the last to be shot © Cristian Monterroso – Yahad - In Unum According to Vaclovas V. (born in 1929), the shooters were celebrating after the execution; he saw them coming out of the restaurant drunk and singing © Cristian Monterroso – Yahad - In Unum Vaclovas V. told the Yahad team about the Jewish friends and neighbors he had before the war © Cristian Monterroso – Yahad - In Unum Emilija, born in 1933, shows a location in her field where a Jewish man was shot by two perpetrators; she and her mother were forced to bury the body which still rests in an unmarked grave © Cristian Monterroso – Yahad - In Unum 1125 Jews were shot during the execution which took place in a field outside Krakės and lasted from morning till late afternoon © Cristian Monterroso – Yahad - In Unum

Execution of Jews in Krakės

2 Execution site(s)

Kind of place before:
Field
Memorials:
Yes
Period of occupation:
1941-1944
Number of victims:
1,125/1

Witness interview

Bronius M., born in 1920, recollects during the interview: “I went there, on my bicycle with my friend, to watch the shooting. I was scared and didn‘t go there again afterwards. Jews were brought from the town to the shooting site. Locals with carts were requisitioned to bring those who couldn‘t walk.” (Witness N°142, interviewed in Gėluva, on March 22, 2015)

Soviet archives

“In August of 1941, I don’t remember the exact date, more than 1000 people were shot in Peshtine homestead near Krakės, although I don‘t know the exact number of the victims. The shooting was public, it was carried out during the day time on the market day. More than 200 people were witnesses of this shooting; they were watching it at a distance of 500 meters. [...] The shooting was carried out in groups of 50 and 70 people; first men, then children, women and the elderly were shot. The shooting lasted until the end of the day, that is until 4-5 PM. When all that was over, the head of the special squad ordered us to fill in the pits, and we did that.“ [Deposition of Jonas Z., born in 1894, Lithuanian, local farmer requisitioned to dig and fill in the pits, taken on November 11, 1944, RG-22.002M.7021-94/421]

Historical note

The first Jewish residents settled in Krakės in the middle of the 17th century. They built three synagogues and other public institutions. Merchants and craftsmen developed their economic activities, while Jewish intellectuals fought for improving community life through numerous articles in the Jewish media. According to the 1897 census, 1090 Jews lived in the town, making up almost 60 percent of the total population. During WWI, the Jews of Krakės were deported to inland Russia. Many of them retuned after the war and rebuilt their lives. Folk Jewish Bank was established in the early 1920s and had 150 members by 1926. Of the 20 shops and businesses that were registered in Krakės in 1931, 18 were owned by Jews. About 80 students attended a Tarbut School. 470 Jews lived in Krakės at the eve of WWII. German forces entered the town several days after the beginning of the war.

Holocaust by bullets in figures

Lithuanian activists seized power in Krakės just as the war broke out, days before the arrival of the German forces. They started hunting retreating Red Army soldiers and Soviet activists, among them Jews. Doctor Alperavičius and hairdresser Fridmanas are believed to have been the first Jewish victims in Krakės. They were arrested, brought to Kėdainiai and shot, together with a number of Soviet activists. In the first half of August, the Jews of Krakės were forced to move to one street which became a ghetto, surrounded by fence and barbed wire. Men were separated from their families, confined in a monastery and forced to perform various tasks. According to the documents of the local administration, 452 Jews lived in the ghetto on August 17, 1941. This number considerably increased by the end of the month, when Jews from Baisogala, Gudžiūnai, Grinkiškis and other surrounding villages were brouhgt to the Krakės ghetto. All of its inmates were exterminated on September 2 in the village of Peštiniukai, 1,5 km from Krakės. According to the report of Karl Jäger, 1125 Jews were killed there in total. The execution was carried out by the 3rd Company of the 13th Lithuanian Self-Defense Battalion which arrived in Krakės for this purpose. Witnesses interviewed by Yahad also spoke of several isolated shootings that took place in the town before and after the mass execution.

Holocaust Atlas of Lithuania

Go to the Townpage on Holocaust Atlas website

Other links

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